For cattle, nutritional standards have been prepared with respect to the genotype, environment, quality of available raw materials, maintenance methods, production and reproduction requirements, production capacity and phase of production.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is a central government organization that facilitates discussion between scientists and industry and prepares guidelines and specifications. Table 1 shows the BIS specifications for dairy cattle:
Table 1 | ||
Characteristic |
Type I (IS: 2052, 1979, reaffirmed 1990) |
Type II (IS: 2052, 1979, reaffirmed 1990) |
Moisture (maximum %) |
11 |
11 |
Crude protein (maximum %) |
22 |
20 |
Crude fat (minimum %) |
3 |
2.5 |
Crude fibre (maximum %) |
7 |
12 |
Acid-insoluble ash (maximum %) |
3 |
4 |
Source: Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. |
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The Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers' Association (CLFMA) has prepared its own specifications, which are shown in Table 2 for cattle:
Table 2 | ||||||
Characteristic |
Dairy special feed |
Type I feed |
Type II feed |
Type III feed | ||
Moisture (maximum %) |
12.0 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
12.0 | ||
Crude protein (on dm basis) (minimum %) |
22.0 |
20.0 |
18.0 |
16.0 | ||
Undegraded protein (minimum %) |
8.0 |
-- |
-- |
-- | ||
Crude fat (minimum %) |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.0 | ||
Crude fibre (maximum %) |
7.0 |
7.0 |
12.0 |
14.0 | ||
Acid-insoluble ash (maximum %) |
3.5 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
5.0 | ||
Source: CLFMA Standards for Compound Animal Feeds. | ||||||